钢结构术语大全

★ 强度　strength

构件截面材料或连接抵抗破坏的能力。强度计算是防止结构构件或连接因材料强度被超过而破坏的计算。

★ 承载能力 load-carrying capacity
结构或构件不会因强度、稳定或疲劳等因素破坏所能承受的最大内力；或塑性分析形成破坏机构时的最大内力；或达到不适应于继续承载的变形时的内力。

★ 脆断 brittle fracture
一般指钢结构在拉应力状态下没有出现警示性的塑性变形而突然发生的脆性断裂。

★ 强度标准值 characteristic value of strength
国家标准规定的钢材屈服点(屈服强度)或抗拉强度。

★ 强度设计值 design value of strength
钢材或连接的强度标准值除以相应抗力分项系数后的数值。

★ 一阶弹性分析 first order elastic analysis
不考虑结构二阶变形对内力产生的影响，根据未变形的结构建立平衡条件，按弹性阶段分析结构内力及位移。

★ 阶弹性分析 second order elastic analysis
考虑结构二阶变形对内力产生的影响，根据位移后的结构建立平衡条件，按弹性阶段分析结构内力及位移。

★ 屈曲 buckling
杆件或板件在轴心压力、弯矩、剪力单独或共同作用下突然发生与原受力状态不符的较大变形而失去稳定。

★ 腹板屈曲后强度 post-buckling strength of web plate
腹板屈曲后尚能继续保持承受荷载的能力。

★ 通用高厚 normalizde web slenderness
参数，其值等于钢材受弯、受剪或受压屈服强度除以相应的腹板抗弯、抗剪或局部承压弹性屈曲应力之商的平方根。

★ 整体稳定 overall stability
在外荷载作用一下，对整个结构或构件能否发生屈曲或失稳的评估。

★ 有效宽度。effective width
在进行截面强度和稳定性计算时，假定板件有效的那一部分宽度。

★ 有效宽度系数 effective width factor
板件有效宽度与板件实际宽度的比值。

★ 算长度 effective length
构件在其有效约束点间的几何长度乘以考虑杆端变形情况和所受荷载情况的系数而得的等效长度，用以计算构件的长细比。计算焊缝连接强度时采用的焊缝

长度。

★ 长细比、slenderness ratio
构件计算长度与构件截面回转半径的比值。

★ 换算长细比 equivalent slenderness ratio
在轴心受压构件的整体稳定计算中，按临界力相等的原则，将格构式构件换算为实腹构件进行计算时所对应的长细比或将弯扭与扭转失稳换算为弯曲失稳时采用的长细比。

★ 支撑力 nodal bracing force
为减小受压构件(或构件的受压翼缘)的自由长度所设置的侧向支承处，在被支撑构件〔或构件受压翼缘)的屈曲方向，所需施加上该构件(或构件受压翼缘)截面剪心的侧向力。

★ 无支撑纯框架 unbraced frame
依靠构件及节点连接的抗弯能力，抵抗侧向荷载的框架。

★ 强支撑框架 frame braced with strong bracing system
在支撑框架中，支撑结构(支撑析架、剪力墙、电梯井等)抗侧移刚度较大，可将该框架视为无侧移的框架。

★ 弱支撑框架 frame braced with weak bracing system
在支撑框架中，支撑结构抗侧移刚度较弱，不能将该框架视为无侧移的框架。

★ 摇摆柱 leaning column
枢架内两端为铰接不能抵抗侧向荷载的柱。

★ 柱腹板节点域 panel zone of column web
框架梁柱的刚接节点处，柱腹板在梁高度范围内的区域。

★ 球形钢支座 spherical steel bearing
使结构在支座处可以沿任意方向转动的钢球面作为传力的铰接支座或可移动支座。

★ 橡胶支座 couposite rubber and steel support
满足支座位移要求的橡胶和薄钢板等复合材料制品作为传递支座反力的支座。

★ 主管 chord member
钢管结构构件中，在节点处连续贯通的管件，如桁架中的弦杆。

★ 支管 bracing member
钢管结构中，在节点处断开并与主管相连的管件，如桁架中与主管相连的腹杆。

★ 隙节点 gap joint
两支管的趾部离开一定距离的管节点。

★ 搭接节点 overlap joint
在钢管节点处，两支管相互搭接的节点。

★ 平面管节点 uniplanar joint
支管与主管在同一平面内相互连接的节点。

★ 空间管节点  multiplanar joint
在不同平面内的支管与主管相接而形成的管节点。

★ 组合构件  built-up member
由一块以上的钢板(或型钢)相互连接组成的构件，如工字形截面或箱形截面组合梁或柱。

★ 钢与混凝土组合梁 composite steel and concrete beam
由混凝土翼板与钢梁通过抗剪连接件组合而成能整体受力的梁。

A
acceptable quality 合格质量 
acceptance lot 验收批量 
aciera 钢材 
admixture 外加剂 
against slip coefficient between friction surface of high-strength bolted connection 
高强度螺栓摩擦面抗滑移系数
aggregate 骨料 
air content 含气量 
air-dried timber 气干材 
allowable ratio of height to sectional thickness of masonry wall or column 
砌体墙、柱容许高厚比 
allowable slenderness ratio of steel member 钢构件容许长细比 
allowable slenderness ratio of timber compression member 受压木构件容许长细比 
allowable stress range of fatigue 疲劳容许应力幅 
allowable ultimate tensile strain of reinforcement 钢筋拉应变限值 
allowable value of crack width 裂缝宽度容许值 
allowable value of deflection of structural member 构件挠度容许值 
allowable value of deflection of timber bending member 受弯木构件挠度容许值 
allowable value of deformation of steel member 钢构件变形容许值 
allowable value of deformation of structural member 构件变形容许值 
allowable value of drift angle of earthquake resistant structure 
抗震结构层间位移角限值 
amplified coefficient of eccentricity 偏心距增大系数 
anchorage 锚具 
anchorage length of steel bar 钢筋锚固长度 
approval analysis during construction stage 施工阶段验算 
arch 拱 
arch with tie rod 拉捍拱 
arch-shaped roof truss 拱形屋架 
area of shear plane 剪面面积 
area of transformed section 换算截面面积 
aseismic design 建筑抗震设计 
assembled monolithic concrete structure 装配整体式混凝土结构 
automatic welding 自动焊接 
auxiliary steel bar 架立钢筋

B

backfilling plate 垫板 
balanced depth of compression zone 界限受压区高度 
balanced eccentricity 界限偏心距 
bar splice 钢筋接头 
bark pocket 夹皮 
batten plate 缀板 
beam 次梁 
bearing plane of notch 齿承压面 
bearing plate 支承板 
bearing stiffener 支承加劲肋 
bent-up steel bar 弯起钢筋 
block 砌块 
block masonry 砌块砌体 
block masonry structure 砌块砌体结构 
blow hole 气孔 
board 板材 
bolt 螺栓 
bolted connection (钢结构螺栓连接 
bolted joint (木结构螺栓连接 
bolted steel structure 螺栓连接钢结构 
bonded prestressed concrete structure 有粘结预应力混凝土结构 
bow 顺弯 
brake member 制动构件
breadth of wall between windows 窗间墙宽度 
brick masonry 砖砌体 
brick masonry column 砖砌体柱 
brick masonry structure 砖砌体结构 
brick masonry wall 砖砌体墙 
broad-leaved wood 阔叶树材 
building structural materials 建筑结构材料 
building structural unit 建筑结构单元
building structure 建筑结构 
built-up steel column 格构式钢柱 
bundled tube structure 成束筒结构
burn-through 烧穿
butt connection 对接
butt joint 对接 
butt weld 对接焊缝

C

calculating area of compression member 受压构件计算面积 
calculating overturning point 计算倾覆点 
calculation of load-carrying capacity of member 构件承载能力计算 
camber of structural member 结构构件起拱 
cantilever beam 挑梁 
cap of reinforced concrete column 钢筋混凝土柱帽 
carbonation of concrete 混凝土碳化 
cast-in-situ concrete slab column structure 现浇板柱结构 
cast-in-situ concrete structure 现浇混凝土结构 
cavitation 孔洞 
cavity wall 空斗墙 
cement 水泥 
cement content 水泥含量 
cement mortar 水泥砂浆 
characteriseic value of live load on floor or roof 楼面、屋面活荷载标准值 
characteristi cvalue o fwindload 风荷载标准值 
characteristic value of concrete compressive strength 混凝土轴心抗压强度标准值 
characteristic value of concrete tensile strength 混凝土轴心抗拉标准值
characteristic value of cubic concrete compressive strength 
混凝土立方体抗压强度标准值 
characteristic value of earthquake action 地震作用标准值 
characteristic value of horizontal crane load 吊车水平荷载标准值 
characteristic value of masonry strength 砌体强度标准值 
characteristic value of permanent action 永久作用标准值 
characteristic value of snowload 雪荷载标准值 
characteristic value of strength of steel 钢材强度标准值 
characteristic value of strength of steel bar 钢筋强度标准值 
characteristic value of uniformly distributed live load 均布活标载标准值 
characteristic value of variable action 可变作用标准值 
characteristic value of vertical crane load 吊车竖向荷载标准值 
charaeteristic value of material strength 材料强度标准值 
checking section of log structural member， 原木构件计算截面 
chimney 烟囱  
circular double-layer suspended cable 圆形双层悬索 
circular single-layer suspended cable 圆形单层悬索 
circumferential weld 环形焊缝 
classfication for earthquake-resistance of buildings 建筑结构抗震设防类别 
clear height 净高 
clincher 扒钉 
coefficient of equivalent bending moment of eccentrically loaded steel memher (beam-column 钢压弯构件等效弯矩系数 
cold bend inspection of steelbar 冷弯试验 
cold drawn bar 冷拉钢筋 
cold drawn wire 冷拉钢丝 
cold-formed thin-walled sectionsteel 冷弯薄壁型钢 
cold-formed thin-walled steel structure 冷弯薄壁型钢结构 
cold-rolled deformed bar 冷轧带肋钢筋 
column bracing 柱间支撑 
combination value of live load on floor or roof 楼面、屋面活荷载组合值
compaction 密实度 
compliance control 合格控制 
composite brick masonry member 组合砖砌体构件 
composite floor system 组合楼盖 
composite floor with profiled steel sheet 压型钢板楼板 
composite mortar 混合砂浆 
composite roof truss 组合屋架 
compostle member 组合构件 
compound stirrup 复合箍筋 
compression member with large eccentricity 大偏心受压构件 
compression member with small eccentricity 小偏心受压构件 
compressive strength at an angle with slope of grain 斜纹承压强度 
compressive strength perpendicular to grain 横纹承压强度 
concentration of plastic deformation 塑性变形集中 
conceptual earthquake-resistant design 建筑抗震概念设计 
concrete 混凝土 
concrete column 混凝土柱 
concrete consistence 混凝土稠度 
concrete floded-plate structure 混凝土折板结构 
concrete foundation 混凝土基础 
concrete mix ratio 混凝土配合比 
concrete wall 混凝土墙 
concrete-filled steel tubular member 钢管混凝土构件 
conifer 针叶树材 
coniferous wood 针叶树材 
connecting plate 连接板 
connection 连接 
connections of steel structure 钢结构连接 
connections of timber structure 木结构连接 
consistency of mortar 砂浆稠度 
constant cross-section column 等截面柱 
construction and examination concentrated load 施工和检修集中荷载 
continuous weld 连续焊缝 
core area of section 截面核芯面积 
core tube supported structure 核心筒悬挂结构 
corrosion of steel bar 钢筋锈蚀 
coupled wall 连肢墙 
coupler 连接器 
coupling wall-beam 连梁 
coupling wall-column... 墙肢 
coursing degree of mortar 砂浆分层度 
cover plate 盖板 
covered electrode 焊条 
crack 裂缝 
crack resistance 抗裂度 
crack width 裂缝宽度 
crane girder 吊车梁
crane load 吊车荷载 
creep of concrete 混凝土徐变 
crook 横弯 
cross beam 井字梁 
cup 翘弯 
curved support 弧形支座 
cylindrical brick arch 砖筒拱

D

decay 腐朽 
decay prevention of timber structure 木结构防腐 
defect in timber 木材缺陷 
deformation analysis 变形验算 
degree of gravity vertical for structure or structural member 结构构件垂直度 
degree of gravity vertical forwall surface 墙面垂直度 
degree of plainness for structural memer 构件平整度 
degree of plainness for wall surface 墙面平整度 
depth of compression zone 受压区高度 
depth of neutral axis 中和轴高度 
depth of notch 齿深 
design of building structures 建筑结构设计 
design value of earthquake-resistant strength of materials 材料抗震强度设计值 
design value of load-carrying capacity of members 构件承载能力设计值
designations 0f steel 钢材牌号 
designvalue of material strength 材料强度设计值 
destructive test 破损试验 
detailing reintorcement 构造配筋 
detailing requirements 构造要求 
diamonding 菱形变形 
diaphragm 横隔板 
dimensional errors 尺寸偏差 
distribution factor of snow pressure 屋面积雪分布系数 
dogspike 扒钉 

yield strength (yield point of steel 钢材(钢筋屈服强度(屈服点)

Carry out drilling operation in accordance with the drilling program. 按钻井程序进行钻井作业.

Prepared bell nipple. 准备”喇叭口”短节.

Make up 2 joints of drill pipe. 接两根钻杆.

Break out this connection. 卸开该接头.

Run hole opener to sea bed. 下扩眼器到海底

Mix gel fluid for drilling conductor hole. 为钻导管井眼配制高粘度泥浆.

Make up bottom hole assembly. 组合下部钻具

Check and reset crown-saver on every tour. 每个班都要检查并重新调整天车防碰装置.

Number stands on trip out and trip in. 起下钻时给立柱编号.

Pick up BHA and run to seafloor. 将下部钻具下到海底.

Pick up stands. 接立柱

Don’t drill faster than 15 minutes for 1 stand. 钻进速度别超过15分钟1根立柱

Drop TOTCO. 投(陶特)测斜仪

Fish TOTCO with overshot. 用打捞筒捞起测斜仪

Resume drilling to T.D. 继续钻进到总深

Circulate 15 minutes.循环15分钟

Run in hole. 下钻

Put out of hole. 起钻

Make an inventory of all ring gaskets. 开一个所有垫圈的清单

Use spinning tong. 使用气动扳手

Operate the air winch. 操作气动绞车

Lay down 57 joints of 5” drill pipe. 甩57根钻杆

Pick up drill stem test tool. 提起钻杆测试工具

Circulate mud for 2 hours. 循环泥浆2小时

Move string during circulation. 在循环时注意活动钻具

Circulate hole clean. 循环清洗井眼

Circulate bottoms up. 循环泥浆几周

Fill up every 5 stands. 每5柱灌泥浆一次

Check mud weight every 15 minutes. 每15分钟检查泥浆比重

Reverse out excess cement. 反循环替出多余的泥浆

Change/replace old mud by new mud. 用新的泥浆替换出旧的泥浆

Stop drilling. 停止钻进

Drilling ahead. 钻进

Pull out of hole bit. 起出钻头

Change bit. 换钻头

Run the wear bushing. 下抗磨补心

The bit thread type is regular pin. 钻头丝扣是正规公扣

What’s the make-up torque? 上扣扭矩要多大?

Run in 9” collars. 下9”钻铤

The cathead can’t give enough torque. 猫头力量不够

Connect crossover sub. 接上配合接头

The tong angle is too small. 大钳的角度太小了

Stop circulating. 停止循环泥浆

Break out the stand. 卸立柱

Set the single into the mousehole. 把这个单根放进鼠洞

Can we break out the pipe with rotary table? 可用转盘卸扣吗?

No! Break it out with tong. 不行! 要用大钳卸扣

Spin it out with the air spanner. 用气动扳手卸扣

Put the pipe wiper on the string. 装上钻杆刮泥器

Don’t set this stand back. 这根钻杆不要放在钻杆盒上

Make up the lift sub. 接好提升短节

Secure the safety clamp. 上紧安全卡瓦

The bit is nearing the shoe. 钻头快到套管鞋了

Slow down the running speed. 放慢下放速度

This is the undergauged interval. 这是缩径井段

This is the drilling program. 这是钻井设计书

How much weight on bit is required? 要加多少钻压?

Keep the rotary speed at 120---140 RPM. 转速保持120---140转/分

Keep the flow rate at 3000 LPM. 保持排量3000升/分

The pump pressure is too high. 泵压太高了

Don’t ream the hole too fast. 划眼不要太快

Notice the rotary torque. 注意转盘扭矩的变化

The penetration rate is getting slower. 钻速变慢了

The bit is nearly worn out. 钻头快磨光了

Stop drilling at 2000 meters. 钻至2000米停钻

Circulate for one hour. 循环一个小时

The pump pressure has increased. 泵压升高了

One nozzle may be plugged. 可能有一个水眼(或: 喷嘴)堵了

What is the hook load? 悬重多少?

What’s the pick-up weight? 上提重量是多少?

What’s the lowering weight? 下放重量是多少?

Run in HWDP. 下加重钻杆

A stabilizer is needed here. 这里需要一个扶正器

This is a flexible sub. 这是挠性接头

This is the BHA log. 这是下部钻具组合记录

Record all outside and inside diameters. 记录好所有(入井工具的)内外径

We need a short drill collar. 需要一根短钻铤

Pull the cat line. 拉猫头

Operate the break lever. 操作(或:扶)刹把

Stop the pumps. 停泵

Make a wiper trip. 通井

Retrieve wear bushing. 取出抗磨补心

Bleed off pressure. (释)放压(力)

Keep 5 wraps on the drum. 滚筒上留5圈

Set slips. 座上卡瓦

If tight hole, repeat wiper trip. 如果井眼紧, 重复划眼

Setback bottom hole assembly. 将下部钻具立于钻杆盒内

Make sure all alarms are on. 确保所有的警报信号都开着

Lay down TDS spinner. 拆下顶部驱动的旋扣器

Run in hole bit #15 to bottom. 用15号钻头下钻到井底

Run in hole to casing shoe. 下钻至套管鞋

Pick up same bit and BHA. 装上同样的钻头和钻具组合

Lay down 5” HW drill pipe. 甩5”加重钻杆

Move string every 2 hours. 每2小时活动钻具一次

Keep area around shaker clean. 保持振动筛区域干净

Control trip gas. 控制起下钻气

Ream if needed. 如必要时进行划眼

Select the best penetration rate. 选择最佳钻进速度

Fix the traveling assembly. 固定游动系统

100. Check power tongs and spinning rope are on drill floor. 检查动力钳和尾绳是否在钻台

What’s the weight on bit? 钻压是多少?

What is the BHA of this well? 这口井的下部钻具如何组合?

Drill out cement. 钻穿水泥

Latch the elevator. 扣吊卡

Unlatch the elevator. 开吊卡

Set the slips. 放卡瓦

Adjust the crown-o-matic (crown saver). 调整防碰天车

Lock the hook pin. 锁紧大钩销子

Check OD of stabilizer. 检查扶正器的外径

Perform leak off test. 进行地层破裂(或:渗漏)测试

Connect kill and choke line. 接上压井和放喷管线

Reverse out the drill pipe. 反循环清洗钻杆

Make a short trip. 进行短途起下钻

Change the cutters. 换割刀

Slug the pipe. 灌重泥浆

Drill the stand down. 钻完立柱

Start/run the shale shaker. 开振动筛

Start the desanders. 开除砂器

Start the desilters. 开除泥器

Change it with a 40 mesh screen. 换成40目筛布

Shut it off. 关掉

Pull it to the cat ramp. 把它拉到坡道上去

Make a fast connection. 接单根要快

Don’t dump the mud into the sea. 不要把泥浆排放到海里

Disconnect it with a chain tong. 用链钳卸开

Put a thread protector. 加一个(丝扣)护箍

Can we use the power slips? 可以使用动力卡瓦吗?

Casing and Cementing 下套管与固井

Run in hole to bottom for wiper trip. 下钻通井

This is the casing program. 这是套管程序

Prepare for running casing. 准备下套管

Make everything ready for running 7”casing. 做好下7”套管的准备

Make cementing job. 固井

Displace cementing with mud pump. 用泥浆泵替泥浆

Set cement plug from 2940 to 2790m. 在2940到2790米井段打水泥塞

Pick up cementing head. 接水泥头

Cement samples are hard. 水泥样已凝固

Pump in 3 cubic meters of spacer. 注3方隔离液

Pump down the plug. 泵压(胶)塞

Wait on cement. 候凝

The guide shoe will be connected. 接引鞋

Connect the floor collar. 接浮箍

Connect the air line to the casing stabbing board. 接好套管扶正台的气管线

Run casing with the 350T slip elevator. 用350吨卡瓦式吊卡下套管

Clean and dry 20” casing threads with rags. 清洁并擦干20”套管丝扣

Where is the rabbit for drifting the casing? 套管通径规在哪里?

Rig Move, Anchoring and Positioning 拖航, 抛锚, 定位

What is our position now? 我们现在船位在哪里?

What’s the moving speed now? (What’s the towering speed?) 拖航速度是多少?

The speed is about 4 knots. 船速是4节左右

Which one is the main tug? 主拖是哪条船?

The main tug is Nanhai 205. 主拖是南海205

Which one is the chase boat? 护航船是哪一条?

How much is the horse power? 有多大马力?

She has 6000 HP. 有6000马力

Move the rig off location 50 feet. 将平台移开50英尺

We are ready to drop the anchor. 我们已经做好抛锚的准备了

Secure all the movable equipment. 固定好各种活动的设备

Preload. (自升式)压载

Ballast. (半潜式)压载

Put the preload water into the tank. 向压载舱灌压压载水

We need 5500 tons of preload water. 需要5500吨压载水

Shall we preload right now? 马上开始压载吗?

Drain the water off. 放水

The rig is overloaded. 平台已超载

Jack up (jack down) the rig. 升(降)船

The draft is 3.5 meters. 船体吃水3.5米

The jetting pressure is 100psi. 冲桩压力是100psi

Penetrate the legs. 插桩

How much penetration do we have? 入泥多深了?

No.1 and No.2 legs indicate 10 meters. 1,2号桩腿插入10米

Fix the upper and lower wedges. 固定上下楔块

Pay out the anchor line. 放出锚缆绳

Skid the derrick. 移开井架

The rig is short of potable water now. 平台缺乏饮用水

Drop No.2 and No.3 anchors. 抛2号和3号锚

Why has the main engine stopped? 主机为什么停?

Unleash the drilling tools. 卸开钻具

Tighten up. 绷紧(或:上紧)一点

Turn on the cooling water for the windlasses. 开锚机刹车冷却水

Retrieve the No.1 to No.8 anchors. 起1到8号锚

Check the paint marks at the anchor winches. 检查锚机上的油漆记号

Prepare for a location move. 准备好移井位

Commence anchor handling. 开始起锚(或抛锚)

Secure all equipment stored on deck. 固定好所有存放在甲板上的设备

Carry out stability and load calculations. 做稳性和载荷计算

Pass pendant line, shackle and buoy to anchor handling vessel. 将起抛锚短索, 卸扣和浮标吊起给起锚船

Lower the windward anchor to seafloor. 抛上风锚到海底

Pick up the leeward anchor first. 先起下风锚

Take anchor chaser (or chaser) back to rig. 将捞/抛锚环送回平台

Hook up towing lines to tug boat. 将拖缆连接到拖轮

Sound fog signal for two seconds every twenty seconds. 发大雾信号, 每20秒钟响两秒

Fishing 打捞

The bit cutters have been lost in the hole. 牙轮落井

Run in the reverse-circulation basket. 下反循环打捞篮

There is a lot of junk in the hole. 井下有很多落物

The fish is 235.46 meters long. 落鱼长度235.46米

The fish top is at 2478.34 meters. 鱼顶位置2478.34米

Coring 取芯

Stop drilling for coring. 停钻准备取芯

Make up core bit. 接取芯钻头

A-60 fire door A-60级防火门
abrasive (喷砂用的)磨料
abrasive paper　 砂纸
AC generator　　交流发电机
AC motor　交流电动机
accelerated corrosion testing　加速腐蚀试验
acceptance criteria 合格准则
access hole (for welding)=cope hole　 焊接工艺孔
acetylene gas 乙炔
acid electrode 酸性焊条
acid proof cement 防酸水泥
additive 添加剂
AFC (approved for construction) 建造批准
agitator 搅拌器
air blower 鼓风机
air compressor 空压机
air drive pump 气动泵